The Midbrain connects the Pons to the large Cerebral hemispheres above. With trauma, different velocities relative to the large Cerebral Hemispheres and smaller Midbrain can result in distortion (tearing or stretching) of Midbrain fibers. Abnormal eye findings, extension (decerebrate) posture, abnormal respirations are common findings.

Cranial Nerves III and IV are associated with the lower Midbrain; these Cranial Nerves deal with eye movements. Cranial Nerve II is associated with the upper Midbrain and deals with vision.